Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials, and energy. A chemical engineer designs large-scale processes that convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms, and energy into useful forms and products.
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering involves organizing plant processes and conditions to ensure optimal plant operation to construct models for reactor process design and analysis. Many applications of chemical engineeringinvolved in the day to day life like rubber, plastic, cement, sugar, ceramic etc.
Separation Techniques
A Separation technique is a process to achieve any mass transfer occurrence that converts a mixture of substances into two or more individual product mixtures. Separations may differ in chemical properties or physical properties such as size, shape, mass, density, between the constituents of a mixture. They are often categorized according to the particular differences they use to achieve separation.
Fluid Dynamics
Fluid dynamics is a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow—the science of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. It has several subdisciplines itself, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion).
Biologically Engineered Systems
Biologically Engineered Systems is the application of engineering principles and practices to the purposeful manipulation of molecules of biological origin. The study to manufacture new molecules to create products and processes that don't already exist in the natural world.
Catalysis and Applications
Catalysts are substances which, when added to a response, increment the rate of reaction by furnishing other response pathway with a lower activation energy(Ea). They do this by advancing legitimate introduction between responding particles. In natural chemistry, catalysts are known as chemicals.
Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
The word "organic" means something very different in chemistry than it does when you're talking about produce and food. Organic compounds and inorganic compounds form the basis of chemistry. The primary difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Also, nearly all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or C-H bonds. Organic and inorganic chemistry are two of the main disciplines of chemistry. An organic chemist studies organic molecules and reactions, while an inorganic chemistry focuses on inorganic reactions.
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is often described as the area of chemistry responsible for characterizing the composition of matter, both qualitatively (Is there any lead in this sample?) and quantitatively (How much lead is in this sample?). Analytical chemistry is not a separate branch of chemistry, but simply the application of chemical knowledge.
Green Chemistry
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product, including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal. Green chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It is a laboratory based science that brings together biology and chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques, biochemists can understand and solve biological problems. Biochemistry allows us to understand how chemical processes such as respiration, produces life functions in all living organisms.
Medicinal Chemistry
Medicinal chemistry deals with the design, optimization and development of chemical compounds for use as drugs. It is inherently a multidisciplinary topic — beginning with the synthesis of potential drugs followed by studies investigating their interactions with biological targets to understand the medicinal effects of the drug, its metabolism and side-effects.
Materials Chemistry
Materials chemistry provides the link between atomic, molecular and supramolecular behaviour and the useful properties of a material. It lies at the core of many chemical-using industries. A wide range of materials, includes organic materials and polymers, nanomaterials and nanoporous materials.
Petro Chemistry
Petro chemistry is the branch of chemistry defines refining and processing of chemistry concerned with crude oil and fossil fuel. Examples of petrochemicals includes: ammonia, acetylene, benzene, and polystyrene. Petrochemistry covers the areas of good style of materials like plastics, explosives, fertilizers, and artificial fibers.
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear chemistry is the subdiscipline of chemistry that is concerned with changes in the nucleus of elements. These changes are the source of radioactivity and nuclear power. Since radioactivity is associated with nuclear power generation, the concomitant disposal of radioactive waste, and some medical procedures, everyone should have a fundamental understanding of radioactivity and nuclear.
Biological Chemistry
Biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biological chemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life.
Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the branch of Earth Science that applies chemical principles to deepen an understanding of the Earth system and systems of other planets. Geochemists consider Earth composed of discrete spheres — rocks, fluids, gases and biology — that exchange matter and energy over a range of time scales.
Quantum Chemistry
Quantum chemistry, a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the properties and behavior of subatomic particles, especially electrons. Quantum chemistry applies quantum mechanics to the theoretical study of chemical systems. It aims, in principle, to solve the Schrödinger equation for the system under scrutiny; however, its complexity for all but the simplest of atoms or molecules requires simplifying assumptions and approximations, creating a trade-off between accuracy and computational cost.
Polymer Chemistry
Polymer chemistry is a chemistry sub discipline that deals with the structures, chemical synthesis and properties of polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. Polymer chemistry is related to the broader field of polymer science, which also encompasses polymer physics and polymer engineering.
Clinical Chemistry
Clinical Chemistry also known as chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry or medical biochemistry is the area of chemistry that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is an applied form of biochemistry. The discipline originated with the use of simple chemical reaction tests for various components of blood and urine.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the study of chemical processes that cause electrons to move. This movement of electrons is called electricity, which can be generated by movements of electrons from one element to another in a reaction known as an oxidation-reduction ("redox") reaction.
Synthetic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry is the study of the connection between structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Synthetic chemistry is most frequently used in the preparation of mono-functional and di-functional compounds from the smaller entities. It is widely used for the production of organic compounds that are having commercial interest.
Natural Product Chemistry
Natural Products Chemistry deals with chemical compounds found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design. Natural Products Chemistry is related to the study of chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds or the biology of living systems from which they are obtained.
Industrial Chemistry
Industrial chemistry is concerned with using chemical and physical processes to transform raw materials into products that are beneficial to humanity. This includes the manufacture of basic chemicals to produce products for various industries.
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical processes occurring in the environment which are impacted by humankind's activities. These impacts may be felt on a local scale, through the presence of urban air pollutants or toxic substances arising from a chemical waste site, or on a global scale, through depletion of stratospheric ozone or global warming
Pharmaceutical chemistry
Pharmaceutical Chemistry is a branch of chemistry which deals with the study of organic chemistry (molecules and compounds) in combination with structural & chemical biology and pharmacology for producing pharmaceutical drugs and medicines. The design, structure and synthesis of pharmaceuticals and biologically active molecules are a part of this branch. The aim is to gain new chemical molecules that could enable the discovery of new pharmaceuticals or optimize already known drug structures, thereby to expand the portfolio of chemical drugs.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics is currently defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Intensity of effect is related to concentration of the drug at the site of action, which depends on its pharmacokinetic properties and these properties of particular drug is important to determine the route of administration, dose, onset of action, peak action time, duration of action and frequency of dosing.
Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of drug efficacy, toxicity and patterns of use in large populations. Thus, pharmacoepidemiology can be called a bridge science spanning both pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiology sometimes also involves the conduct and evaluation of programmatic efforts to improve medication use on a population basis. Pharmacovigilance is a type of continual monitoring for unwanted effects and other safety-related aspects of drugs that are already on the market. Pharmacovigilance has been defined by the World Health Organisation as “The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug-related problem”.
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Pharmaceutical analysis is a branch of chemistry, which involves the series of process for the identification, determination, quantitation, and purification. This is mainly used for the separation of the components from the mixture and for the determination of the structure of the compounds.
Based upon the determination type, there are mainly two types of analytical methods. They are as follows:
- Qualitative analysis: This method is used for the identification of the chemical compounds.
- Quantitative analysis: This method is used for the determination of the amount of the sample
